World AIDS Day: the tests to take after risky behavior

World AIDS Day is observed every year on December 1. It is an opportunity to raise awareness, to remember, and to strengthen global efforts to fight the disease. AIDS, an acronym for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, is an advanced stage of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection. Contrary to what is often believed, HIV and AIDS are not the same thing. It is a global pandemic, but its spread varies considerably depending on the area of the world. Countries in sub-Saharan Africa, in particular, have a significantly higher prevalence than other parts of the world.

Recommended tests: World AIDS Day is an opportunity to get them

First of all, it is advisable to take an HIV test. Anyone who fears they may have engaged in risky behavior should take the first step toward knowing their serological status. A CD4 lymphocyte count can be added to this. The test measures the number of CD4 lymphocytes, which are the cells attacked by HIV. Finally, if the presence of the HIV virus is detected, it is important to have a viral load test to measure the amount of virus present in the blood.

How HIV is transmitted

HIV is transmitted through body fluids, including blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. The main routes of transmission include unprotected sex, sharing contaminated needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

Rules for protection, not only on World AIDS Day

• Protected sex. Using a condom during sex is one of the best practices for preventing HIV transmission.
• Avoid sharing needles. People who inject drugs must avoid sharing needles and other injection equipment.
• Regular testing and screening. Getting tested for HIV regularly is essential, especially for those who are sexually active. Tests and screening can be done at the analysis laboratories of the NefroCenter Group or at the Rome American Hospital.
• Antiretroviral therapy (ART). For people living with HIV, regularly taking antiretroviral drugs can keep the virus under control.
• Prevention of vertical transmission. HIV-positive pregnant women should receive antiretroviral therapy and other preventive measures to avoid passing the virus to the baby.

The difference between HIV and AIDS

HIV is the virus itself, which attacks the immune system. AIDS is an advanced stage of HIV infection, characterized by a severely compromised immune system and the presence of specific opportunistic diseases.