COVID today: there are two variants

COVID today has two names: Eris and Pirola. They are, in fact, the two most widespread COVID variants in Italy this autumn, and infections are expected to continue in winter as well, barring further mutations. Recent data, showing a 44% rise in infections, have raised the alarm among the Italian population. The goal is always to follow the essential rules for protection against COVID in order to avoid waves of infections, especially in the absence of restrictive measures.

The Eris and Pirola variants of COVID today

There are substantial differences between the Eris variant and the Pirola variant. They share some symptoms but differ in others. Based on their severity, it is possible to determine which variant is affecting people. Both variants have been classified as low risk for public health. Both spread through contact with people who have COVID when they talk, cough or sneeze.

The Eris variant

It descends from the Arcturus variant. Its correct scientific name is EG.5. Its amino acid profile is that of the Spike protein, that is, the protein that attacks the host’s cells, like the Kraken variant. Its level of concern has gradually grown. At first, in fact, the WHO (World Health Organization) had underestimated it. The grade assigned to the Eris variant was VUM, that is, variant under monitoring. Later, in August 2023, Eris was classified as a variant of interest (VOI). This is because it showed two very specific characteristics: a growth advantage and the ability to evade the immune response (immune escape). The latest data from the Italian National Institute of Health (ISS) indicate that Eris is currently the most widespread COVID variant in Italy. According to the data provided by the ISS, it has reached a prevalence of 41.9%.

Symptoms of Eris

Compared with the other variants that preceded COVID in September and October 2023, the symptoms of Eris appear unchanged. In fact, when it strikes, Eris shows up with already known symptoms. It can also be asymptomatic.

• Fatigue
• Nasal congestion
• Joint pain
• Muscle pain
• Fever
• Sore throat
• Headache
• Runny nose
• Dry cough
• Tiredness
• Sneezing

The Pirola variant

Its scientific name is BA.2.86. It first appeared in July 2023. Its main characteristic is its mutations. There are as many as 40 of them. For this reason it is more worrying, even though it is still classified as a variant under monitoring by the WHO. The numerous mutations, in fact, could affect the severity of the disease, its transmissibility and its ability to evade the immune response.

Symptoms of Pirola

Several symptoms are shared with Eris. The Pirola variant, however, may also cause a loss of taste and smell.

• Upper airway congestion
• High fever
• Sore throat
• Runny nose
• Loss of taste and smell
• Cold
• Dry cough

What to do if you test positive for COVID in September and October

If you test positive for COVID in September and October 2023, and therefore most likely for the Eris and Pirola variants, some rules should be followed. Testing is no longer mandatory, but there are recommendations to avoid spreading infections. One of them is to stay at home when you have symptoms, avoiding public places. Absolutely avoid contact with vulnerable people, and visits to hospitals or residential care homes (RSA). Wear masks and gloves when you are in contact with other people.