{"id":31918,"date":"2026-05-25T17:08:04","date_gmt":"2026-05-25T15:08:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.nefrocenter.it\/specialita\/shoulder-surgery\/"},"modified":"2026-11-06T11:19:57","modified_gmt":"2026-11-06T10:19:57","slug":"shoulder-surgery","status":"publish","type":"specialita","link":"https:\/\/test.nefrocenter.it\/en\/specialita\/shoulder-surgery\/","title":{"rendered":"Shoulder Surgery"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Shoulder Surgery area treats injuries, dislocations, arthritis, stiffness and instability of the shoulder.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","area_medica":[],"prestazione":[],"class_list":["post-31918","specialita","type-specialita","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"accreditato_ssn":false,"box_eccellenza":null,"eccellenza":false,"specialita_madre":24238,"lead":"Shoulder surgery is a specialist answer to the conditions that compromise movement, stability and quality of life, such as: injuries, dislocations, osteoarthritis, stiffness, instability and complex trauma. In the NefroCenter Group\u2019s Center for Complex Orthopedic Surgery, the patient is accompanied along a complete pathway, from diagnosis to rehabilitation, with a highly specialized orthopedic approach.","occhiello":"","icona":"ortopedia","revisione_clinica":"","aggiornato":"","ambito_titolo":"Shoulder Surgery at the NefroCenter Group\u2019s Center for Complex Orthopedic Surgery","ambito_intro":"Shoulder surgery is a specialist answer to the conditions that compromise movement, stability and quality of life: rotator cuff tears, recurrent dislocations, osteoarthritis, stiffness, instability and complex trauma. The Center for Complex Orthopedic Surgery of the NefroCenter Group<\/a> is at the cutting edge and also deals with operations that elsewhere have not produced the hoped-for results. In fact, the patient is accompanied along a complete pathway, from diagnosis to rehabilitation, with a highly specialized orthopedic approach.\n\nThe goal is not only to treat the pain, but to recover function, independence and confidence in everyday movements. This is why the assessment of the shoulder requires specific expertise, advanced diagnostic technologies and a personalized treatment strategy.\n\nProf. Raffaele Russo is a national reference specialist for shoulder and elbow surgery, with consolidated experience in the treatment of complex joint conditions.\n\n

How the shoulder works and why it can be injured<\/h3>\n\nThe shoulder is one of the most mobile joints in the human body. This great freedom of movement makes it possible to lift the arm, rotate it, bring it above the head and perform complex gestures, from sports to daily activities.\n\nFrom an anatomical point of view, the shoulder is not made up of a single joint, but of an integrated system that includes the glenohumeral joint, the acromioclavicular joint, the sternoclavicular joint and scapulothoracic movement.\n\nA fundamental role is played by the rotator cuff, a group of muscles and tendons formed by the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis. These structures stabilize the head of the humerus and allow precise movements.\n\nIt is precisely its great mobility that makes the shoulder more exposed to injuries, instability and degeneration. Trauma, wear, repetitive work activities, sports, age and individual predisposition can alter the balance of the joint and cause pain, stiffness or loss of strength.","ambito_voci":"","ambito_chiusura":"","segnali_titolo":"","segnali_intro":"","segnali_voci":"","segnali_chiusura":"","img1_foto":"","img1_didascalia":"","servizi_titolo":"The main conditions treated in Shoulder Surgery","servizi_intro":"

Rotator cuff tears<\/h3>\n\nA rotator cuff tear is one of the most frequent causes of shoulder pain in adults. It can result from trauma, progressive wear or tendon degeneration. The most common symptoms are night pain, difficulty lifting the arm and loss of strength. When conservative treatment is not enough, surgery may be indicated.\n\n

Shoulder instability and recurrent dislocation<\/h3>\n\nInstability occurs when the head of the humerus tends to come out of its natural seat. It can appear after a traumatic dislocation or in predisposed individuals. In recurrent cases, especially in young patients or athletes, surgery may be necessary to stabilize the joint and reduce the risk of further dislocations. Find out how we treat shoulder instability.\n\n

Shoulder osteoarthritis and glenohumeral arthropathy<\/h3>\n\nShoulder osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition that progressively wears away the joint cartilage. It causes pain, stiffness and limited movement. In advanced cases, when medicines, injections and physical therapy no longer allow adequate control of symptoms, shoulder replacement may be indicated. Shoulder replacement: techniques and indications.\n\n

Subacromial impingement<\/h3>\n\nSubacromial impingement is a condition in which the rotator cuff tendons are compressed during movement. It can cause pain when lifting the arm and functional limitation. In the early stages it is often treated with physical therapy and medical treatment, but in resistant cases a surgical solution may be considered.\n\n

Calcific tendinopathy of the cuff<\/h3>\n\nCalcific tendinopathy is characterized by the presence of calcium deposits in the rotator cuff tendons. It can cause intense, sudden pain or chronic symptoms. Treatment depends on the size of the calcification, the pain and the response to conservative treatments.\n\n

Adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder<\/h3>\n\nAdhesive capsulitis causes progressive stiffness of the shoulder and significant limitation of movement. It often evolves slowly and can make simple gestures such as dressing or combing one\u2019s hair difficult. Treatment is generally rehabilitative, but in the most complex cases targeted specialist treatments may be necessary.\n\n

Injuries of the long head of the biceps<\/h3>\n\nThe long head of the biceps can suffer inflammation, instability or rupture. The pain is often located in the front of the shoulder and can be associated with cuff tears. Surgical treatment is considered when the pain persists or when the injury compromises function.\n\n

Multidirectional instability<\/h3>\n\nMultidirectional instability affects patients in whom the shoulder is unstable in several directions. It is often linked to capsuloligamentous laxity and requires a very careful assessment. Surgery is considered in cases where the rehabilitation pathway does not guarantee sufficient stability.\n\n

Post-traumatic stiffness<\/h3>\n\nAfter fractures, dislocations or surgery, the shoulder can lose mobility. Post-traumatic stiffness requires a structured rehabilitation pathway and, in some selected cases, surgical procedures to recover movement and function.\n\n

The surgical techniques used<\/h3>\n\nShoulder surgery includes different techniques, chosen according to the condition, the patient\u2019s age, the level of activity and the quality of the tissues.\n\nShoulder arthroscopy is a minimally invasive technique that makes it possible to treat many conditions through small incisions and dedicated instruments. It is used for rotator cuff tears, instability, subacromial impingement and some biceps injuries. It has the advantage of reducing the impact on the tissues and promoting a more controlled recovery.\n\nIn cases of complex instability or bone loss it may be necessary to resort to more advanced reconstructive techniques. These include joint stabilization and bone reconstruction procedures, defined according to the severity of the clinical picture.\n\nIn advanced forms of osteoarthritis, shoulder replacement is an effective solution for reducing pain and improving function. The choice between an anatomical and a reverse prosthesis depends on the condition of the rotator cuff, the quality of the bone and the type of joint degeneration.\n\nThe surgical pathway does not end in the operating room. The subsequent rehabilitation is an integral part of the treatment and significantly affects the final result.","servizi_voci":"","servizi_chiusura":"","img2_foto":"","img2_didascalia":"","figlie_titolo":"","box_eccellenza_titolo":"","box_eccellenza_testo":"","rimandi_titolo":"","rimandi_voci":"","prevenzione_titolo":"","prevenzione_testo":"","visita_titolo":"The patient\u2019s pathway","visita_passi":"The pathway begins with an orthopedic specialist consultation. During the consultation, symptoms, clinical history, tests already carried out and the degree of functional limitation are assessed. It is useful to bring X-rays, MRI or CT scans or previous reports.\nWhen necessary, the specialist may request further instrumental tests. X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging, CT and ultrasound make it possible to study bone, tendons, cartilage and joint stability.\nAfter the diagnosis, the treatment strategy is defined. Not all shoulder problems require surgery. In many cases treatment starts with conservative therapy, physical therapy, medicines or injections. Surgery is indicated when the pain persists, function is compromised or the injury has characteristics that make the operation appropriate.\nBefore the operation the patient goes through the pre-admission pathway, with routine tests and an anesthesia assessment. The operation can be performed with arthroscopic, open or prosthetic techniques, depending on the condition.\nAfter discharge, post-operative check-ups and a rehabilitation program are scheduled. Physical therapy plays a central role in the recovery of mobility, strength and stability.","gruppo_titolo":"The Shoulder Surgery Team of the NefroCenter Group\u2019s Center for Complex Orthopedic Surgery","gruppo_testo":"Shoulder surgery requires teamwork. Orthopedic surgeon, physiatrist, physical therapist, anesthesiologist and imaging diagnostics take part in a coordinated pathway, built around the needs of the individual patient.\n\nWithin the NefroCenter Group, Prof. Raffaele Russo is the reference specialist for shoulder and elbow surgery. Extraordinary Professor of Orthopedics and Traumatology, he is recognized for his experience in the management of complex joint conditions, instability, reconstructions and joint replacement surgery.\n\nHis contribution is part of the model of NefroCenter\u2019s Center for Complex Orthopedic Surgery, designed to offer highly specialized pathways, from diagnosis to surgical and rehabilitative treatment.\n\n

Clinical cases treated by our team<\/h3>\n\nThe experience of the team of the NefroCenter Group\u2019s Center for Complex Orthopedic Surgery is also expressed in the management of complex cases documented in the group\u2019s editorial content.\n\nThese include elbow operations and highly complex reconstructive procedures, which help to convey the level of specialization of the team in advanced joint surgery as well.\n\nAll clinical cases are published with the patient\u2019s consent and in compliance with privacy.\n\nRead also: Center for Complex Orthopedic Surgery, Casa di Salute Santa Lucia<\/a>","unita_titolo":"","extra1_titolo":"","extra1_intro":"","extra1_voci":"","extra1_chiusura":"","extra2_titolo":"","extra2_intro":"","extra2_voci":"","extra2_chiusura":"","faq_titolo":"FAQ on shoulder surgery","faq_voci":"When is shoulder surgery necessary? | Surgery is considered when pain, instability or loss of function do not improve with conservative treatment, or when the injury is such as to significantly compromise the joint. The decision depends on the diagnosis, age, the patient\u2019s activity and the recovery goals.\nHow long does shoulder surgery take? | The duration varies according to the procedure. An arthroscopic operation may take a different time from a complex reconstruction or a prosthesis. The specialist gives precise indications after the clinical assessment and the study of the tests.\nIs arthroscopic surgery painful? | Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive technique, but in the post-operative period there may be pain that can be controlled with drug therapy. Anesthesia management and the rehabilitation protocol help to make recovery more gradual and tolerable.\nHow long does it take to recover after shoulder surgery? | Recovery depends on the type of operation. Some procedures take a few weeks, while tendon reconstructions or prostheses may require several months. Rehabilitation is essential to obtain a good result.\nWhen can I return to work after surgery? | It depends on the type of work and the procedure performed. Office activities can resume sooner than manual or physically demanding jobs. The assessment is personalized during post-operative check-ups.\nCan I return to sports after shoulder surgery? | In many cases yes, but times and methods depend on the condition treated, the sport practiced and functional recovery. The return to sports must be progressive and authorized by the specialist.\nWhat are the differences between an anatomical and a reverse prosthesis? | The anatomical prosthesis reproduces the natural shape of the joint and is indicated when the rotator cuff is functioning. The reverse prosthesis changes the biomechanics of the shoulder and is often indicated when the cuff is severely compromised.\nIs the NefroCenter Group contracted with the National Health Service (SSN) for shoulder surgery? | Access to pathways under the National Health Service depends on the facility, the service and availability. It is advisable to contact the secretariat for up-to-date information on the most suitable facility.\nHow do I book a consultation with Prof. Russo\u2019s team? | You can book by contacting the NefroCenter Group and indicating the shoulder problem and the preferred facility. The secretariat provides information on availability, documents to bring and the most suitable pathway.\nIs it possible to get a second opinion before surgery? | Yes. A specialist second opinion can be useful when the patient has already received a diagnosis or a surgical proposal and wishes to clarify indications, alternatives and recovery times.","nc_sinonimi":"shoulder replacement, rotator cuff, shoulder dislocation, shoulder arthroscopy, frozen shoulder, shoulder pain"},"yoast_head":"\nShoulder Surgery - Gruppo NefroCenter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Shoulder Surgery - Gruppo NefroCenter\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Shoulder Surgery area treats injuries, dislocations, arthritis, stiffness and instability of the shoulder.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/test.nefrocenter.it\/en\/specialita\/shoulder-surgery\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Gruppo NefroCenter\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/NefrocenterNefrocenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-11-06T10:19:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/test.nefrocenter.it\/en\/specialita\/shoulder-surgery\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/test.nefrocenter.it\/en\/specialita\/shoulder-surgery\/\",\"name\":\"Shoulder Surgery - 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