{"id":32167,"date":"2026-07-16T07:50:35","date_gmt":"2026-07-16T05:50:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.nefrocenter.it\/sunstroke-what-it-is-symptoms-what-to-do\/"},"modified":"2026-07-16T07:50:35","modified_gmt":"2026-07-16T05:50:35","slug":"sunstroke-what-it-is-symptoms-what-to-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.nefrocenter.it\/en\/sunstroke-what-it-is-symptoms-what-to-do\/","title":{"rendered":"Sunstroke: what it is, symptoms, and what to do"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sunstroke: what it is, symptoms, how to treat it, and how it differs from heatstroke<\/strong>. Summer means sun, sea, walks, and outdoor activities. However, spending too much time in direct sunlight, especially during the hottest hours of the day, can seriously put your health at risk. Among the most common disorders linked to high temperatures is sunstroke<\/strong>, a condition that is often underestimated but that, if not recognized and treated promptly, can develop into very serious situations.<\/p>\n

Many people use the terms sunstroke<\/strong> and heatstroke<\/strong> as if they meant the same thing. In reality, they are two different conditions, with different causes and specific characteristics, even though both are made more likely by high summer temperatures.<\/p>\n

Understanding what sunstroke<\/strong> is, recognizing its symptoms, and knowing how to act is the first step in protecting yourself and the most vulnerable people, such as children, older adults, and patients with chronic diseases.<\/p>\n

In this guide, the specialists of the NefroCenter Group<\/strong> explain everything you need to know about sunstroke<\/strong>: from the early symptoms to the most effective remedies, from prevention to the possible health risks, with a closer look at dehydration and at protecting the kidneys during the summer months.<\/p>\n

What is sunstroke<\/h2>\n

Sunstroke<\/strong> is a condition caused by direct, prolonged exposure to the sun’s rays, particularly when the head and neck stay unprotected for a long time.<\/p>\n

Unlike heatstroke<\/strong>, which can also occur indoors and without direct exposure to the sun, sunstroke<\/strong> is closely linked to the effect of solar radiation.<\/p>\n

When the sun strikes the head directly for a prolonged period, the heat is absorbed by the surface tissues and can disrupt the mechanisms that regulate body temperature. The brain, which is particularly sensitive to rises in temperature, is one of the first organs to be affected.<\/p>\n

For this reason, the symptoms of sunstroke<\/strong> often involve the nervous system and can appear suddenly.<\/p>\n

Why sunstroke is more common in summer<\/h2>\n

In recent years, heat waves have become more and more intense and long-lasting.<\/p>\n

According to numerous climate studies, Italy is experiencing summers with record temperatures and high humidity levels, conditions that increase the risk of problems linked to sun exposure.<\/p>\n

The hours between 11 a.m. and 5 p.m. are when the intensity of ultraviolet rays reaches its highest values.<\/p>\n

Being out in the sun during these hours without a hat, without breaks in the shade, and with poor hydration greatly increases the risk of developing sunstroke<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Even a breezy day can be deceptive: wind reduces the perception of heat, but it does not reduce the intensity of solar radiation.<\/p>\n

What are the symptoms of sunstroke?<\/h2>\n

Recognizing the symptoms of sunstroke<\/strong> early is essential to keep the situation from getting worse.<\/p>\n

In most cases the first signs appear during sun exposure or in the hours immediately afterward.<\/p>\n

Among the most common symptoms are an intense headache, often throbbing, accompanied by a feeling of heat in the head and face.<\/p>\n

Many people also feel dizziness, weakness, nausea, and a general sense of exhaustion that makes it hard to keep doing any activity.<\/p>\n

As time passes, vomiting, reddening of the skin, fever, a faster heart rate, and difficulty concentrating can appear.<\/p>\n

In more serious cases, confusion, loss of balance, and changes in the level of consciousness can occur, signs that call for immediate medical evaluation.<\/p>\n

It is important to remember that not everyone has the same symptoms and that their intensity can vary depending on age, health conditions, and the time spent in the sun.<\/p>\n

Sunstroke and heatstroke: what are the differences?<\/h2>\n

One of the most frequent questions concerns the difference between sunstroke<\/strong> and heatstroke<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Although both are made more likely by high temperatures, they are different conditions.<\/p>\n

Sunstroke<\/strong> is mainly caused by direct exposure to the sun’s rays, while heatstroke<\/strong> occurs when the body loses its ability to dissipate the heat it has accumulated, even without direct exposure to the sun.<\/p>\n

For example, a person can develop heatstroke<\/strong> while working in a very hot, poorly ventilated environment or while doing intense physical activity on a muggy day.<\/p>\n

Sunstroke<\/strong>, on the other hand, is typical of people who spend a lot of time at the beach, on a hike, or outdoors without adequate protection.<\/p>\n

Both conditions require attention, but heatstroke<\/strong> is generally more serious and can quickly develop into a true medical emergency.<\/p>\n

\n

Further reading:<\/strong> If you would like to know the symptoms, causes, and prevention of heatstroke in detail, also read our dedicated guide: “Heatstroke: NefroCenter’s advice on how to avoid it and possible remedies<\/a>“<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Who is most at risk of sunstroke?<\/h2>\n

Although anyone can develop sunstroke<\/strong>, some groups are more vulnerable.<\/p>\n

Children, for example, have a smaller body surface and temperature regulation systems that are still immature. Older adults, on the other hand, feel thirst less and dissipate heat with more difficulty.<\/p>\n

Athletes, people who work outdoors, pregnant women, and people with chronic conditions should also be especially careful.<\/p>\n

People with kidney or cardiovascular disease are a special case: the loss of fluids caused by sun exposure can quickly worsen the body’s balance and increase the risk of complications.<\/p>\n

What to do in case of sunstroke<\/h2>\n

When the first symptoms of sunstroke<\/strong> appear, acting quickly is essential. Even though in most cases the situation can be managed without serious consequences, underestimating the problem could lead to a worsening of the overall condition, especially in more fragile people.<\/p>\n

The first thing to do is to stop sun exposure immediately and move to a cool, ventilated, or air-conditioned place. If it is not possible to go indoors, it is important to find a shaded area where the body can gradually begin to release the accumulated heat.<\/p>\n

The affected person should be seated or laid down in a comfortable position, with any tight clothing loosened so that it does not hinder sweating.<\/p>\n

Cooling the body is also a helpful measure. Applying damp cloths to the forehead, neck, wrists, and armpits helps release heat without causing sudden changes in temperature.<\/p>\n

If the person is alert and does not have severe nausea or changes in consciousness, they can take small sips of water at room temperature or slightly cool to counter dehydration.<\/p>\n

The goal is to encourage a gradual recovery, avoiding behaviors that could make things worse.<\/p>\n

What not to do in case of sunstroke<\/h2>\n

Just as it is important to know how to act, it is equally essential to know the most common mistakes.<\/p>\n

One of the most widespread beliefs is that it helps to use ice-cold water or very cold compresses on the head. In reality, cooling too quickly can cause a sudden narrowing of the blood vessels (vasoconstriction) and be counterproductive.<\/p>\n

Drinking large amounts of water all at once is not the best solution either. It is better to take fluids a little at a time, allowing the body to rehydrate gradually.<\/p>\n

You should also avoid going straight back to physical activity or exposing yourself to the sun again as soon as the symptoms seem to improve. After an episode of sunstroke<\/strong>, the body needs time to recover fully.<\/p>\n

When to see a doctor right away<\/h2>\n

In most cases, mild sunstroke<\/strong> tends to resolve within a few hours with rest, hydration, and cooling of the body.<\/p>\n

However, there are situations in which it is essential to get medical help quickly.<\/p>\n

If the fever keeps rising, or if persistent vomiting, mental confusion, difficulty speaking, loss of consciousness, or seizures appear, you must call 118<\/strong> immediately or go to the nearest emergency room.<\/p>\n

Special attention should be paid to young children, older adults, and patients with chronic diseases, in whom even apparent sunstroke<\/strong> can develop more quickly into heatstroke<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Sunstroke in children: why it is more dangerous<\/h2>\n

Children are one of the groups most exposed to the risks of sunstroke<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Their bodies produce heat faster than an adult’s and have temperature regulation mechanisms that are still immature. In addition, young children often do not notice thirst in time and keep playing even when the body starts to show the first signs of fatigue.<\/p>\n

For this reason it is important to keep children from staying in the sun too long, especially in the middle of the day.<\/p>\n

A cap is a simple but extremely effective protection, as are high-protection sunscreens, light clothing, and frequent breaks in the shade.<\/p>\n

Even during a day at the beach or at the pool, it is advisable to offer water often, without waiting for the child to ask for it.<\/p>\n

Sunstroke in older adults<\/h2>\n

As we age, vulnerability to high temperatures also increases.<\/p>\n

Older adults sweat less, find it harder to perceive thirst, and often take medications that can promote dehydration.<\/p>\n

Many episodes of sunstroke<\/strong> occur precisely because the heat is underestimated or because the older person stays exposed to the sun for too long.<\/p>\n

It is important to plan any walks for the early morning or late afternoon, keep the home cool, and drink regularly throughout the day.<\/p>\n

Family members and caregivers should check that older adults are drinking enough fluids and watch for symptoms such as drowsiness, sudden weakness, or confusion.<\/p>\n

Sports, outdoor work, and sunstroke<\/h2>\n

Sunstroke<\/strong> does not affect only people who spend a day at the beach.<\/p>\n

People who play sports or work outdoors are also particularly exposed.<\/p>\n

Bricklayers, farmers, gardeners, construction site workers, and athletes can spend many hours in the sun, gradually accumulating heat.<\/p>\n

To reduce the risk, it is essential to wear breathable hats, take regular breaks in shaded areas, wear light technical clothing, and stay properly hydrated.<\/p>\n

Training or doing heavy work between 11 a.m. and 5 p.m. should be avoided whenever possible.<\/p>\n

Sunstroke, dehydration, and kidney health<\/h2>\n

One of the lesser-known aspects concerns the relationship between sunstroke<\/strong> and kidney function.<\/p>\n

When the body loses a significant amount of fluid through sweating, the volume of blood available decreases and the kidneys also receive less blood.<\/p>\n

In a healthy person this situation is generally compensated for, but in patients with diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney failure, or other metabolic diseases the risk increases significantly.<\/p>\n

Significant dehydration can lead to a worsening of kidney function and, in the most severe cases, promote acute kidney injury.<\/p>\n

For this reason the NefroCenter Group<\/strong><\/a> recommends special attention during the summer, especially in patients who are already being followed by a nephrologist.<\/p>\n

Staying properly hydrated, following the treatment instructions, and monitoring kidney function are essential tools for getting through the hottest months safely.<\/p>\n

How to prevent sunstroke: the rules that really make a difference<\/h1>\n

When it comes to sunstroke<\/strong>, prevention is without a doubt the most effective strategy. A few precautions are enough to significantly reduce the risk, even on the hottest days of the year.<\/p>\n

The first piece of advice is to avoid direct sun exposure during the middle of the day. Between 11 a.m. and 5 p.m. the intensity of solar radiation reaches its highest levels and increases the risk not only of sunstroke<\/strong> but also of sunburn, dehydration, and heatstroke.<\/p>\n

If you have to spend time outdoors, it is better to look for shade often and take regular breaks, especially during physical activity.<\/p>\n

A hat is also an essential ally. Choosing a wide-brimmed model or one with a visor protects the head, face, and neck, reducing the direct absorption of heat.<\/p>\n

Sunglasses with certified UV filters, on the other hand, help protect the eyes from the effects of ultraviolet radiation.<\/p>\n

Drinking water: the first step in protecting the whole body<\/h2>\n

One of the most common mistakes is waiting until you are thirsty.<\/p>\n

Thirst is already a sign of early dehydration.<\/p>\n

During the summer, especially when temperatures exceed 30 \u00b0C, it is important to spread your water intake throughout the day, rather than concentrating hydration in a few moments.<\/p>\n

The body constantly loses fluids through sweat, even when we are not doing intense physical activity. This loss increases further if we are at the beach, in the mountains, on a walk, or playing sports.<\/p>\n

Proper hydration helps the body keep a stable temperature, promotes sweating, and contributes to the good functioning of all the organs, including the kidneys.<\/p>\n

For people with kidney disease, heart failure, or other particular conditions, the amount of fluids must always be agreed with the specialist doctor.<\/p>\n

Diet can also help prevent sunstroke<\/h2>\n

During the summer months our bodies need light foods rich in water, vitamins, and minerals.<\/p>\n

Fruits and vegetables are real natural support against the heat.<\/p>\n

Watermelon, cantaloupe, peaches, apricots, cucumbers, lettuce, tomatoes, and zucchini help replace some of the fluids lost through sweating and provide potassium, magnesium, and other valuable minerals.<\/p>\n

It is better to limit very large meals that are high in fat or overly elaborate, because they increase the digestive workload and the body’s heat production.<\/p>\n

Alcoholic drinks also deserve special attention. Alcohol promotes fluid loss and can increase the risk of dehydration, especially on the hottest days.<\/p>\n

How to dress to reduce the risk of sunstroke<\/h2>\n

Clothing affects the body’s ability to dissipate heat much more than you might think.<\/p>\n

During the summer it is advisable to choose light-colored, lightweight garments made of natural fabrics such as cotton or linen, or of breathable technical materials.<\/p>\n

Dark colors tend to absorb more solar radiation and can promote overheating.<\/p>\n

A hat also remains one of the most effective prevention tools, especially for children and older adults.<\/p>\n

When possible, it is helpful to carry a bottle of water, a small towel to wet as needed, and a high-protection sunscreen.<\/p>\n

Sunstroke and heatstroke: the table that clears up any doubt<\/h2>\n

Many people search on Google for the difference between sunstroke<\/strong> and heatstroke<\/strong>. This table helps you quickly understand the main characteristics of both conditions.<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Sunstroke<\/strong><\/th>\nHeatstroke<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
It is caused by direct exposure to the sun’s rays.<\/td>\nIt can also occur without direct exposure to the sun.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
It mainly affects the head and neck.<\/td>\nIt involves the entire body temperature regulation system.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
It can cause headache, nausea, fever, and dizziness.<\/td>\nIt can cause a fever above 40 \u00b0C, confusion, loss of consciousness, and severe general impairment.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
It is often linked to long stays at the beach or outdoors.<\/td>\nIt can appear during sports activities, heavy work, or in very hot, poorly ventilated environments.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
It generally improves with cooling and hydration.<\/td>\nIt is a medical emergency and requires immediate intervention.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

NefroCenter focus<\/h2>\n

Why sunstroke can put the kidneys under strain too<\/h2>\n

When the body loses large amounts of water through sweat, the volume of blood reaching the kidneys decreases.<\/p>\n

This means the kidneys have to work under harder conditions, filtering less blood and receiving less oxygen.<\/p>\n

In most healthy people the problem resolves quickly with proper rehydration.<\/p>\n

The situation is different for patients with chronic kidney failure, diabetes, hypertension, or other metabolic diseases. In these cases even moderate dehydration can contribute to a worsening of kidney function.<\/p>\n

For this reason the specialists of the NefroCenter Group<\/strong> advise approaching the summer with particular attention to hydration, regular checkups, and following treatment instructions.<\/p>\n

Summer and health: small actions that can make a big difference<\/h2>\n

Sunstroke<\/strong> is a condition that in most cases can be avoided.<\/p>\n

Protecting your head from the sun, drinking regularly, choosing the right times for outdoor activities, and listening to your body’s signals are simple but extremely effective behaviors.<\/p>\n

Prevention becomes even more important when it comes to children, older adults, and people with chronic diseases.<\/p>\n

Taking care of your health during the summer means reducing the risk of complications and enjoying the hottest months with greater peace of mind.<\/p>\n

FAQ<\/h2>\n

How long does sunstroke last?<\/h3>\n

The duration of sunstroke<\/strong> depends on the intensity of the sun exposure, how quickly action is taken, and the person’s overall condition.<\/p>\n

In milder cases, with rest, hydration, and time in a cool environment, the symptoms can improve within a few hours. When the sunstroke is more severe, recovery can take one or more days.<\/p>\n

If fever, headache, nausea, or a general feeling of being unwell persist, it is always advisable to see a doctor.<\/p>\n

Can sunstroke cause a fever?<\/h3>\n

Yes.<\/p>\n

One of the most common symptoms of sunstroke<\/strong> is precisely a rise in body temperature.<\/p>\n

The fever appears because the body struggles to release the heat accumulated during prolonged exposure to the sun’s rays.<\/p>\n

When the temperature rises to very high values or is accompanied by mental confusion or loss of consciousness, you must contact emergency services immediately.<\/p>\n

Can you get sunstroke even when the sky is cloudy?<\/h3>\n

Yes.<\/p>\n

Many people believe that clouds completely protect against the sun’s rays, but this is not the case.<\/p>\n

A significant portion of ultraviolet radiation passes through cloud cover anyway.<\/p>\n

For this reason it is possible to develop sunstroke<\/strong> even on days that seem less hot, especially if you stay outdoors for many hours without protection.<\/p>\n

Is it better to drink a lot of water after sunstroke?<\/h3>\n

Drinking water is essential, but without overdoing it.<\/p>\n

Rehydration should happen gradually, taking small amounts of fluids throughout the day.<\/p>\n

In people with kidney disease, heart failure, or other chronic conditions, it is important to follow the specialist’s instructions and not change the amount of fluids you drink on your own.<\/p>\n

Can sunstroke be dangerous for children?<\/h3>\n

Yes.<\/p>\n

Children are much more sensitive to the effects of heat than adults.<\/p>\n

Their bodies dissipate heat with more difficulty, and dehydration can set in quickly.<\/p>\n

For this reason it is essential to avoid direct sun exposure during the hottest hours, always use a cap and protective sunscreen, and offer water frequently.<\/p>\n

Should people with kidney disease be more careful?<\/h3>\n

Absolutely.<\/p>\n

People with chronic kidney failure, diabetes, hypertension, or other metabolic diseases are more likely to experience complications linked to dehydration.<\/p>\n

During the summer it is advisable to follow the nephrologist’s instructions closely and to monitor any symptoms such as a reduced amount of urine, severe tiredness, dizziness, or low blood pressure.<\/p>\n

When to see a specialist<\/h2>\n

In most cases sunstroke<\/strong> resolves without permanent consequences, but you should not underestimate the signals the body sends.<\/p>\n

If episodes recur frequently, if significant symptoms appear, or if you have chronic conditions, a medical evaluation is advisable.<\/p>\n

A specialist visit can identify any risk factors and provide personalized guidance on proper hydration, diet, and prevention during the summer months.<\/p>\n

For people living with kidney, cardiovascular, or metabolic diseases, going into the summer with a program of checkups is a key element in protecting their health.<\/p>\n

Support from the NefroCenter Group<\/h2>\n

The NefroCenter Group<\/strong> has been a national point of reference for more than forty years in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of kidney, metabolic, and internal medicine diseases.<\/p>\n

Through a network of hospitals, clinics, and specialist centers, it provides patients with a multidisciplinary team of nephrologists, internists, cardiologists, diabetologists, and other specialists able to address in an integrated way the problems linked to summer heat and dehydration.<\/p>\n

During the hottest months it is especially important not to neglect hydration and to have the checkups recommended by your doctor, particularly if you have kidney failure, diabetes, hypertension, or other chronic diseases.<\/p>\n

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Sunstroke: what it is, symptoms, how to treat it, and how it differs from heatstroke. Summer means sun, sea, walks, and outdoor activities. However, spending too much time in direct sunlight, especially during the hottest hours of the day, can seriously put your health at risk. 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